Table of English content

• Chemistry [112]
  • Organic Chemistry [70]
    • Fundamentals [2]
      • Introduction to Organic Chemistry
      • The Three-Dimensional Structure of Molecules - Isomerism
    • Alkenes [6]
      • Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes
      • Hydration of Alkenes
      • Hydrogenation of Alkenes
      • Industrial Importance of Alkenes
      • Introduction to Alkenes
      • Reactions of Alkenes (Halogenation)
    • Alkynes [5]
      • Acetylene: Production and Use
      • Cis/Trans Hydrogenation of Alkynes
      • HX Addition to Alkynes
      • Halogen Addition to Alkynes
      • Hydration of Alkynes
    • Stereochemistry [8]
      • Additional Chirality Elements
      • Chirality
      • Molecules with Several Chirality Centers and Meso Compounds
      • Naming Enantiomers: R,S System of Nomenclature
      • Physical Properties of Stereoisomers
      • Separation of Enantiomers (Resolution of Racemates)
      • Stereoisomers of Cyclic Compounds
      • The Fischer Projection
    • Halogen Alkanes [1]
      • Introduction to the Chemistry of Alkyl Halides
    • Carboxylic Acids [5]
      • Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
      • Fatty Acids
      • Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
      • Structure, Properties, and Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
      • Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids
    • Metalorganic Compounds [1]
      • Organometallic Compounds
    • Keto-Enol [3]
      • Aldol Reactions and Aldol-like Reactions
      • Introduction to CH-acidic Compounds
      • Introduction to the Reactions of Enols and Enolates
    • Aromatic Chemistry [10]
      • Annulenes, Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
      • Aromatic Compounds (Overview)
      • Aromaticity: Aromatic or not?
      • Benzene: Introduction to Aromatic Compounds
      • Introduction to Benzene's Chemistry
      • Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds
      • Reactions of Aromatic Compounds (overall)
      • Reactions of Aromatic Compounds - Ar-SE - Basics and Theory
      • Reactions of Aromatic Compounds - Examples of Ar-SE Reaction
      • Reactions of Aromatic Compounds - Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Ar-SN
    • Heterocycles [2]
      • Aromatic and Saturated Heterocycles
      • Introduction to Heterocycles
    • Substitution Reactions [7]
      • Answers to the Exercises "SN/E Competition"
      • SN/E Competition (overall)
      • SN/E Competition - Role of the Temperature
      • SN/E Competition - SN1/E1 Competition
      • SN/E Competition - SN2/E2 Competition
      • SN1 - First-order Nucleophilic Substitution
      • SN2 - Second-order Nucleophilic Substitution
    • Radical Reactions [6]
      • Birch Reduction
      • Halogenation of Alkanes
      • Radical Additions and Substitutions with Alkenes
      • Radical Chain Reaction
      • Radical Substitution Reactions
      • Radicals - Introduction
    • Reaction Mechanisms [7]
      • Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms - Crossover Experiments and Kinetics
      • Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms - Introduction / Products and Intermediates
      • Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms - Investigation of Stereochemistry
      • Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms - Isotopic Labeling
      • Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms - Kinetic Isotope Effects
      • Elucidation of Reaction Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry (overall)
      • Hammond Postulate (Polanyi-Hammond Postulate)
    • Pericyclic Reactions [7]
      • Biosynthesis of Endiandric Acid B
      • Pericyclic Reactions: Aromaticity of Transition States
      • Pericyclic Reactions: Cycloadditions and Diels-Alder Reaction
      • Pericyclic Reactions: Electrocyclic Reactions
      • Pericyclic Reactions: Further Examples
      • Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction
      • Pericyclic Reactions: Sigmatropic Rearrangements
  • Technical Chemistry [1]
    • Chemical Reaction Engineering [1]
      • Laboratory experiment: Residence Time Distribution (Cascade)
  • Environmental Chemistry [41]
    • Pollution [12]
      • Case Study - DDT
      • Case Study - Heavy Metals (Mercury)
      • Case Study - Industrial Pollutants in St Lawrence Bay, Canada
      • Case Study - Marine Litter
      • Case Study - Oil Pollution
      • Case Study - Organic Pollution
      • Case Study - PCBs
      • Case Study - Thermal Pollution
      • Case Study - Tributyltin (TBT)
      • Impacts of Pollution in the Marine Environment
      • Movement of Pollutants in the Marine Environment
      • Pollution in the Marine Environment
    • Marine Environment [1]
      • Introduction to the Marine Environment
    • Oil Pollution [18]
      • Fate of Oil in the Marine Environment
      • Impact of Oil Spills on Birds and Fish
      • Impact of Oil Spills on Marine Habitats
      • Introduction to Oil
      • Introduction to Oil - Types of Oil
      • Oil Clean Up Methods - Bioremediation, Containment & Natural Breakup
      • Oil Spill - Exercise
      • Oil Spill - Exercises
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Amoco Cadiz
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Braer
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Erika
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Prestige
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Sea Empress
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Sivand
      • Oil Spill Case Study - Torrey Canyon
      • Oil Spill Clean Up Technologies - Dispersants & Shoreline Clean Up
      • Oil Spill Contingency Planning
      • Theoretical Oil Spill - Humber Estuary
    • Chemical Cycling [10]
      • Carbon Cycle - Environmental Effects
      • Carbon Cycle - Introduction
      • Carbon Cycle - Marine Environment
      • Driving Forces Behind Chemical Cycles
      • Hydrological Cycle - Introduction
      • Hydrological Cycle - Marine Environment
      • Nitrogen Cycle - Eutrophication
      • Nitrogen Cycle - Introduction
      • Nitrogen Cycle - Marine Environment
      • Photosynthesis